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All Operators

72+ operators across read, write, projection, composition, schema, and skill categories. Complete reference below.

Read#

OperatorSyntax
MATCH (node)MATCH (n:Label)
MATCH (relationship)MATCH (a)-[r:TYPE]->(b)
MATCH (variable-length)MATCH (a)-[:TYPE*1..3]->(b)
MATCH (property shorthand)MATCH (n:Label {key: value})
OPTIONAL MATCHOPTIONAL MATCH (a)-[r]->(b)
WHERE =WHERE n.key = value
WHERE <>WHERE n.key <> value
WHERE > < >= <=WHERE n.age > 25
WHERE AND/OR/NOTWHERE a AND NOT b
WHERE INWHERE n.name IN ['Alice', 'Bob']
WHERE IS NULLWHERE n.email IS NULL
WHERE IS NOT NULLWHERE n.email IS NOT NULL
WHERE CONTAINSWHERE n.name CONTAINS 'li'
WHERE STARTS WITHWHERE n.name STARTS WITH 'A'
WHERE ENDS WITHWHERE n.name ENDS WITH 'ce'
WHERE EXISTS()WHERE EXISTS(n.email)
WHERE =~ (regex)WHERE n.name =~ '.*son$'
WHERE id(n) = NWHERE id(n) = 42
shortestPathshortestPath (a:L {k:v}), (b:L {k:v})

Write#

OperatorSyntax
CREATE (node)CREATE (n:Label {props})
CREATE (relationship)CREATE (a:L)-[:T]->(b:L)
MERGEMERGE (n:Label {key: value})
DELETEMATCH (n) WHERE ... DELETE n
DETACH DELETEMATCH (n) WHERE ... DETACH DELETE n
SETMATCH (n) WHERE ... SET n.k = v
REMOVEMATCH (n) WHERE ... REMOVE n.k

Projection#

OperatorSyntax
RETURNRETURN expr, expr
RETURN *RETURN *
RETURN ... ASRETURN n.name AS name
DISTINCTRETURN DISTINCT expr
ORDER BYORDER BY expr [ASC|DESC]
SKIPSKIP n
LIMITLIMIT n

Composition#

OperatorSyntax
WITHMATCH (n) WITH n WHERE ... RETURN n
CASE WHENCASE WHEN cond THEN val ELSE val END
UNWINDUNWIND list AS item
UNIONquery1 UNION query2
Arithmeticn.age + 1, n.salary * 1.1

ISO GQL V2#

OperatorSyntaxNotes
IS LABELEDWHERE n IS LABELED :PersonLabel predicate
ELEMENT_IDRETURN ELEMENT_ID(n)Stable element identifier
NEXT WHEN/THEN/ELSE/ENDRETURN count(*) NEXT WHEN c > 10 THEN ... ELSE ... ENDConditional pipeline
START TRANSACTIONSTART TRANSACTION [READ ONLY | READ WRITE]Explicit transaction
COMMIT / ROLLBACKCOMMIT / ROLLBACKTransaction control

Schema#

OperatorSyntax
CREATE INDEXCREATE INDEX ON :Label(prop)
DROP INDEXDROP INDEX ON :Label(prop)
CREATE CONSTRAINT (UNIQUE)CREATE CONSTRAINT ON :Label(prop) ASSERT UNIQUE
CREATE CONSTRAINT (PRIMARY KEY)CREATE CONSTRAINT ON :Label(prop) ASSERT PRIMARY KEY
CREATE CONSTRAINT (SEMANTIC UNIQUE)CREATE CONSTRAINT ON :Label(prop) ASSERT SEMANTIC UNIQUE THRESHOLD 0.95
DROP CONSTRAINTDROP CONSTRAINT ON (n:L) ASSERT n.k IS UNIQUE

Aggregation#

Function
count(expr)
sum(expr)
avg(expr)
collect(expr)

Functions (25 built-in)#

CategoryFunctions
Introspectionid(), labels(), type()
ConversiontoString(), toInteger(), toFloat()
Nullcoalesce()
StringtoUpper, toLower, trim, left, right, substring, replace, split, reverse

Procedures (13 CALL)#

Procedure
db.nodeCount/relCount/labels/types/keys/version
db.indexes/constraints/stats/procedures
algo.pageRank
algo.connectedComponents
algo.communityDetection

Skills#

OperatorSyntax
CREATE SKILLCREATE SKILL name FROM PROMPT '...' ALLOWED ON [...] TIER SYMBOLIC
PROCESS NODEPROCESS NODE (n:Label)
REPROCESS EDGESREPROCESS EDGES WHERE confidence < 0.6

Introspection#

Operator
EXPLAIN
PROFILE

See Also#

  • Built-in Functions — 93 built-in GQL functions
  • WHERE reference — filtering with operators in practice
  • EXPLAIN — see which operators appear in the query plan
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