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All Operators

72+ operators across read, write, projection, composition, schema, and skill categories. Complete reference below.

Read#

OperatorSyntaxSince
MATCH (node)MATCH (n:Label)0.2.0
MATCH (relationship)MATCH (a)-[r:TYPE]->(b)0.2.0
MATCH (variable-length)MATCH (a)-[:TYPE*1..3]->(b)0.5.0
MATCH (property shorthand)MATCH (n:Label {key: value})0.3.0
OPTIONAL MATCHOPTIONAL MATCH (a)-[r]->(b)0.9.0
WHERE =WHERE n.key = value0.2.0
WHERE <>WHERE n.key <> value0.6.0
WHERE > < >= <=WHERE n.age > 250.6.0
WHERE AND/OR/NOTWHERE a AND NOT b0.6.0
WHERE INWHERE n.name IN ['Alice', 'Bob']0.20.0
WHERE IS NULLWHERE n.email IS NULL0.15.0
WHERE IS NOT NULLWHERE n.email IS NOT NULL0.15.0
WHERE CONTAINSWHERE n.name CONTAINS 'li'0.6.0
WHERE STARTS WITHWHERE n.name STARTS WITH 'A'0.6.0
WHERE ENDS WITHWHERE n.name ENDS WITH 'ce'0.17.0
WHERE EXISTS()WHERE EXISTS(n.email)0.6.0
WHERE =~ (regex)WHERE n.name =~ '.*son$'0.17.0
WHERE id(n) = NWHERE id(n) = 420.21.0
shortestPathshortestPath (a:L {k:v}), (b:L {k:v})0.6.0

Write#

OperatorSyntaxSince
CREATE (node)CREATE (n:Label {props})0.2.0
CREATE (relationship)CREATE (a:L)-[:T]->(b:L)0.4.0
MERGEMERGE (n:Label {key: value})0.5.0
DELETEMATCH (n) WHERE ... DELETE n0.2.0
DETACH DELETEMATCH (n) WHERE ... DETACH DELETE n0.20.0
SETMATCH (n) WHERE ... SET n.k = v0.3.0
REMOVEMATCH (n) WHERE ... REMOVE n.k0.8.0

Projection#

OperatorSyntaxSince
RETURNRETURN expr, expr0.2.0
RETURN *RETURN *0.15.0
RETURN ... ASRETURN n.name AS name0.7.0
DISTINCTRETURN DISTINCT expr0.4.0
ORDER BYORDER BY expr [ASC|DESC]0.4.0
SKIPSKIP n0.7.0
LIMITLIMIT n0.4.0

Composition#

OperatorSyntaxSince
WITHMATCH (n) WITH n WHERE ... RETURN n0.21.0
CASE WHENCASE WHEN cond THEN val ELSE val END0.12.0
UNWINDUNWIND list AS item0.12.0
UNIONquery1 UNION query20.22.0
Arithmeticn.age + 1, n.salary * 1.10.23.0

ISO GQL V2#

OperatorSyntaxNotes
IS LABELEDWHERE n IS LABELED :PersonLabel predicate
ELEMENT_IDRETURN ELEMENT_ID(n)Stable element identifier
NEXT WHEN/THEN/ELSE/ENDRETURN count(*) NEXT WHEN c > 10 THEN ... ELSE ... ENDConditional pipeline
START TRANSACTIONSTART TRANSACTION [READ ONLY | READ WRITE]Explicit transaction
COMMIT / ROLLBACKCOMMIT / ROLLBACKTransaction control

Schema#

OperatorSyntaxSince
CREATE INDEXCREATE INDEX ON :Label(prop)0.10.0
DROP INDEXDROP INDEX ON :Label(prop)0.15.0
CREATE CONSTRAINT (UNIQUE)CREATE CONSTRAINT ON :Label(prop) ASSERT UNIQUE0.14.0
CREATE CONSTRAINT (PRIMARY KEY)CREATE CONSTRAINT ON :Label(prop) ASSERT PRIMARY KEYcurrent
CREATE CONSTRAINT (SEMANTIC UNIQUE)CREATE CONSTRAINT ON :Label(prop) ASSERT SEMANTIC UNIQUE THRESHOLD 0.95current
DROP CONSTRAINTDROP CONSTRAINT ON (n:L) ASSERT n.k IS UNIQUE0.15.0

Aggregation#

FunctionSince
count(expr)0.4.0
sum(expr)0.4.0
avg(expr)0.4.0
collect(expr)0.4.0

Functions (25 built-in)#

CategoryFunctions
Introspectionid(), labels(), type()
ConversiontoString(), toInteger(), toFloat()
Nullcoalesce()
StringtoUpper, toLower, trim, left, right, substring, replace, split, reverse

Procedures (13 CALL)#

ProcedureSince
db.nodeCount/relCount/labels/types/keys/version0.19.0
db.indexes/constraints/stats/procedures0.19-0.20
algo.pageRank0.26.0
algo.connectedComponents0.26.0
algo.communityDetection0.26.0

Skills#

OperatorSyntaxSince
CREATE SKILLCREATE SKILL name FROM PROMPT '...' ALLOWED ON [...] TIER SYMBOLIC0.2.0
PROCESS NODEPROCESS NODE (n:Label)0.3.0
REPROCESS EDGESREPROCESS EDGES WHERE confidence < 0.60.4.0

Introspection#

OperatorSince
EXPLAIN0.7.0
PROFILE0.22.0

See Also#

  • Built-in Functions — 83 built-in GQL functions
  • WHERE reference — filtering with operators in practice
  • EXPLAIN — see which operators appear in the query plan
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